Kutsanangurwa kweSaizi dzeServer Rack: Gwaro Rekupedzisira reKureba, Upamhi & Kudzika

I. Nhanganyaya

Mune chero yemazuva ano nzvimbo yedata kana nharaunda yeIT, sarudzo ye saizi yeraki yeseva zvinokanganisa zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka, kukura, uye kuvimbika kwenguva refu. rack yeseva zvinopfuura kungova muviri chaiwo—ndizvo zvinoratidza kuti muviri wako wakaita sei maseva eraki, switch yenetiweki, MaPDUuye marongero ekuchengetera inogona kurongeka, kutonhodzwa, uye kugadziriswa. Kusarudza saizi chaiyo yeraki hakungoiti kuti ienderane nemidziyo yemazuva ano chete asiwo mukana wekuti ishande zvakanaka. kuwedzera mune ramangwana.

Zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru zvekufunga nezvazvo ndeizvi: kukwirira kwerack (kunoyerwa mumayuniti erack kana U), upamhi hwerack (kazhinji imhando ye19-inch standard muindasitiri)uye kudzika kwerack (kazhinji kunobva pamasendimita makumi maviri nemana kusvika pamasendimita makumi mana nemasere)Chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu izvi chinokanganisa kuenderana kwemidziyo, manejimendi yemhepo, nzira yekufambisa tambo, uye zvese kushanda zvakanaka kwehurongwa hwe rackSemuenzaniso, a Raki yeseva ye42U rave chiyero chechokwadi munzvimbo dzedata remabhizinesi, richipa hurefu hunosvika mamita matanhatu, ukuwo riri diki machira ekuisa pamadziro uye machira akavhurika zvichiri kufarirwa mumahofisi ebazi uye mumakabati emafoni.

Gwaro iri richatsanangura zvizere saizi yerack, mitemo yeindasitiriuye maitiro akanakisa pakusarudza mhinduro chaiyo. Kana uri kuronga imwe itsva kuiswa kwevanhu vakawanda kana kuvandudza zvivakwa zviripo, kunzwisisa saizi dzeraki yeseva ndiyo hwaro hwemabasa eIT akavimbika uye anokura.

II. Kunzwisisa Kukura KwemaRack

Pakuongorora saizi dzeraki yeseva, zvinhu zvitatu ndizvo zvinonyanya kutaurwa: kukwirira kwerack, upamhi hwerackuye udzamu hweraki. Chiyero chimwe nechimwe chinotarisa kuti michina yako inokwana zvakanaka sei, kuti unogona sei kubata tambo zvakanaka, uye kuti unogona kuchengetedza mhepo inoyerera zvakanaka sei uye ichitonhodza.

A. Kureba kweRack (Zvikamu zveRack, U)

Chiyero chakakosha zvikuru mu kabhineti yeraki ndizvo here kukwirira, inotsanangurwa mu zvikamu zveraki (U)Chikamu chimwe chete cheraki chakaenzana 1.75 inches (44.45 mm). Semuyenzaniso:

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  Sevha ye1U = 1.75 murefu (1U Rackmounk PC)

• Sevha ye2U = 3.5 murefu (2U Rackmount PC)

• Sevha ye4U = 7 murefu (4U Rackmount PC)
  
  
  
  
  

Magadzirirwo akajairika anosanganisira:

• 22U–27U racks: yakakodzera mahofisi madiki kana makabati efoni

• MaRacks e42U: mwero weindasitiri, anenge masendimita 73.5 (~6 ft) kureba

• 48U–52U racks: machira akareba e kushandiswa kwevanhu vakawanda

A chati yekushandura kubva paU kusvika painchi/mm chinowanzoshandiswa kuronga marongero eraki uye kuona kuti kugona kwayo kwakarongeka.

B. Upamhi hweRaki

Chiyero chezvivakwa zvakawanda zveIT ndechekuti Raki ine 19-inch (482mm, inoratidzwa seizvi), inotsanangurwa ne EIA-310 neIEC 60297 zviyero. Panera repamberi remuchina uyu rakareba masendimita makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe, kunyange hazvo nzvimbo yemukati inokwanisa kushandiswa iri diki zvishoma (~17.75 inches). Pane mhando dzakasiyana, dzakadai se Masherufu eTelco ane 23-inch uye Magadzirirwo eOpen Rack ane masendimita makumi maviri nerimwe, asi Fomati ye 19-inch inotonga nzvimbo dzedata. (Ona 19 maindasitiri eraki pc)

C. Kudzika kweRack

Kudzika kweraki kunosiyana-siyana, kazhinji kubva 24 inches kusvika 48 inchesKudzika kwakadzika (24–27 in) kwakanakira mapaneru ekugadzira, michina yeAV, uye swichi dzenetwork, nepo machira akadzika (42–48 in) achidikanwa maseva ebhizinesi, masisitimu eGPU, uye marongero ekuchengetedza. Inogona kugadziriswa simbi dzekuisa kupa mukana wekuchinjika pakushandisa zvishandiso zvehurefu hwakasiyana.

Nekunzwisisa zviyero zvitatu izvi zvakakosha—kukwirira, upamhi, uye kudzika—masangano anogona kurongedza zviyero zveraki zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemidziyo iripo panguva imwe chete achisiya nzvimbo yekutonga kukura uye kukura mune ramangwana.

III. Kureba & Kukwana kweMidziyo

Kusarudza kurudyi saizi yeraki yeseva zvinopfuura kuyera rack pachayo—zvinoda kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwe kukwirira kwemidziyo chikamu chimwe nechimwe chichagara. Nekuti nzvimbo yeraki inoyerwa mu zvikamu zveraki (U)kuronga nokungwarira kunoita kuti zvishandiso zvese, kubva maseva eraki ku Masisitimu eUPS, inogona kuiswa zvakachengeteka uku ichisiya mukana wekufambisa mweya uye kutonga tambo.

A. Saizi dzeMidziyo Yakajairika

Zvizhinji maseva eraki zvakagadzirwa mumhando dzakatetepa:

• Maseva e1U (1.75 in): yakakodzera ma "compute nodes" uye mabasa akajairika

• Maseva e2U–3U (3.5–5.25 in): inowanikwa mu storage arrays kana ma processor ane simba kupfuura mamwe

• 4U maseva (7 in): inowanzoshandiswa pakushandisa GPU-intensive computing kana kuchengetedza mabhizinesi

Mimwe michina yakajairika yakaiswa parack inosanganisira:

• Maswichi enetwork uye mapaneru epatch: kazhinji 1U–2U

• Zvikamu zvekugovera magetsi (PDUs): 1U, maPDU akamira haatore nzvimbo yeU

• Masisitimu eUPS: kazhinji 2U–6U, zvichienderana nekukwanisa kwebhatiri

• Marongero ekuchengetedza: kazhinji 2U–6U, kunyange zvazvo mamodheru ane simba guru angada zvakawanda

B. Kuronga Nzvimbo Yekuchengetera Raki

Pakuronga, zvakakosha kuti verenga huwandu hwese hweU hunodiwa pamidziyo yese. Raki ye42U inganzwika yakakura, asi kana wangoiisa muchikamu chimwe chete maseva, maswichi, maPDU, maoko ekutarisira tambo, uye mapaneru asina chinhu, huwandu hunosvika nekukurumidza. Kuwedzera nzvimbo yekuwedzera ye20–30% ye kukura mune ramangwana ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekushandisa.

C. Kukwana uye Kusvikika

Kupfuura kureba, kukwana kwemidziyo kunoenderanawo ne udzamu hweraki uye kuenderana kwenjanjiMamwe maserver emakambani anoreba kupfuura masendimita makumi mana, zvichireva kuti ma racks akadzika ane ma mounting rails anogadzirisika. Kuva nechokwadi chekuti mudziyo wega wega unogona kupinda nekubuda kuti ugadziriswe kunoita kuti pasave nenguva yakawanda yekushanda.

Nekugadzirisa kukwirira kwemidziyo (U) nehukuru hweraki, vatariri veIT vanogona kugadzirisa kushanda zvakanaka kwehurongwa hwe rack, vimbiso kucheneswa kwemhepo, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvinhu zvichakura kana zvashandiswa mune ramangwana.

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  IV. Maitiro eKuyera neKuyera

  
  Pakukurukura saizi dzeraki yeseva, kuenderana ndizvo zvese. Kuti vatengesi vagone kuenderana, zvemazuva ano zvakawanda maseva erack, ma arrays ekuchengetera, uye zvishandiso zve network tevera zvakagara zviripo mitemo yeindasitiriKunzwisisa izvi mitemo yeraki uye zvakakodzera maitiro ekuyera Zvakakosha pakuronga nemazvo uye kuisa zvinhu nenzira yakavimbika.

  
  A. Mitemo yeIndasitiri
  
  

  Tsanangudzo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye Muyero weEIA-310, yakatanga kugadzirwa neElectronics Industries Alliance. Inotsanangura Upamhi hwe rack hwe 19-inch, nzvimbo yekumisikidza maburi, uye miganhu yekushivirira inoshandiswa nevagadziri vese vemasevha makuru. Zvimwe zviyero zvakaita se IEC 60297 uye DIN 41494 kupa kurongeka kwenyika dzese, zvichiita kuti pave nekushanda pamwe chete pasi rose.

  Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera mafomu akasiyana, zvinosanganisira Maraki efoni ane 23-inch uye Open Compute Project (OCP) Open Rack, iyo inoshandisa Dhizaini yemainji makumi maviri nerimwe (547 mm)Kunyange zvazvo mafomati aya achibatsira mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, Raki ine masendimita gumi nemapfumbamwe ichiri kutonga munzvimbo dzebhizinesi nedzekuchengetedza data.

  
  B. Kuisa Midziyo
  
  

  Mukati me rack, michina yakavharwa uchishandisa chero ipi zvayo njanji dzine maburi akaenzana nemanatsi emakeji kana njanji dzakagadzirwa kareKupatsanurana kwemaburi kunotevera maitiro epasi rose—mapoka emaburi matatu pachikamu chimwe nechimwe cheraki (U), zvichiita kuti vagadziri vagare vakabatana zvakanaka. Kugadzika uku kunoreva kuti Sevha ye1U kana kuti 2U UPS inogona kuiswa mune chero rack inoenderana nezvinodiwa.

  
  C. Nzira yekuyera
  
  

  Kuyera kwakarurama kwakakosha pakusarudza kabhineti yeseva.

  • Kureba kweraki inoratidzwa mu zvikamu zveraki (U), neU imwe neimwe yakaenzana ne 1.75 mu (44.45 mm).

  • Upamhi hwerack inoyerwa pamatanho ekuisa (kazhinji masendimita 19).

  • Kudzika kweraki inotorwa kubva padanda rekumberi kuenda kudanda rekumashure, kazhinji 24–48 inches.

  Kuyera kwakakodzera kunodzivirira zvikanganiso zvinodhura, zvakaita sekuraira rack isina kudzika yemaseva akadzika. Nekutevera zvinotevera Mirayiridzo yeEIA-310 uye kusimbisa zvinodiwa nemugadziri, zvikwata zveIT zvinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti maseva erack, maPDU, uye switch dzenetwork inokwana zvakanaka uku ichisiya nzvimbo yekufambisa mweya uye kutarisira tambo.
  
  

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  V. Zvaunofanira Kufunga Nezvekusarudza Saizi Yeraki

  
  Kusarudza chakakodzera saizi yeraki yeseva Hazvisi zvekungogadzirisa michina yemazuva ano chete—zvinoreva kuona kuti inoshanda kwenguva refu, inokura, uye inoshanda zvakanaka. Pakuongorora mashandiro emidziyo yemazuva ano kabhineti yeraki kana nzvimbo yakavharirwa sevha, vatungamiriri veIT vanofanira kunyatsoongorora zvinhu zvakakosha.

  
  A. Simba uye Kutonhodza
  
  

  Kuwanda kwevanhu maseva eraki, masisitimu eGPU, uye ma arrays ekuchengetera zvinhu zvinopa kupisa kwakawanda. Ma racks akadzika (42–48 in) anopa nzvimbo yakawanda ye manejimendi yekufambisa kwemhepo uye kufambisa tambo, zvichibatsira kuchengetedza marongero enzvimbo inopisa/inotonhoraFunga nezveraki dzine magonhi ane maburi, mapaneru asina chinhu, uye nzvimbo yekutonhodza mvura iri muraki.

  
  B. Kuchengetedzwa Kwemuviri Nezvakatipoteredza
  
  

  Kana masherufu akaiswa munzvimbo dzinogovaniswa, kukiya magonhi epamberi neashure wedzera imwe nhanho yekudzivirira. Maturaki akavharirwa kubatsira kuderedza guruva nenjodzi dzezvakatipoteredza, ukuwo machira akavhurika zvinodhura zvishoma kune nzvimbo dzedata dzakachengeteka uye dzinodzorwa nemamiriro ekunze. Kune mahofisi ebazi kana makabati efoni, machira ekuisa pamadziro inogona kuchengetedza nzvimbo inokosha pasi.

  
  C. Kusvikika uye Kugadzirisa
  
  

  Mainjiniya vanoda mukana wakachengeteka uye unoshanda zvakanaka wekuisa nekuvandudza. Matanho ekugadzirisa anogadziriswa uye njanji dzinotsvedza bvumira michina kuti igadziriswe pasina kubviswa zvachose. Siya nzvimbo iri pamberi nepashure kuti tambo, mhepo ifambe, uye maturusi asvike—kazhinji 36 pamberi uye 24 kumashure.

  
  D. Kufamba uye Kutakura Zvinhu
  
  

  Masherufu makuru anofanira kupfuura nemumasuo uye angangoda kutamiswa panguva yekuvandudza. MaCasters netsoka dzekuenzana inotsigira kufamba, nepo sarudzo dzekunamira dzichivandudza kugadzikana kwehurefu 42U kana 48U racksNguva dzose ongorora nzvimbo dzekupinda muchivako usati waraira.

  
  E. Kukura Kwemangwana
  
  

  Ronga kuti zviite sei 20–30% kugona kwekuwedzera kweraki kugamuchira vatsva maseva, maswichi, uye maPDUKuisa saizi yakakura zvishoma nhasi kunodhura zvishoma pane kutsiva machira ese gare gare.

  
  Nekufunga nezve simba, kutonhora, kuchengetedzeka, kuwanikwa, uye kukura, masangano anogona kusarudza saizi yeraki yeseva inotsigira zvivakwa zviripo iye zvino uye kukura mune ramangwana.
  
  

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  VI. Maitiro Ekushandisa & Mazano Ekushandisa Rack

  
  Haasi masangano ese anoda zvakafanana saizi yeraki yesevaSarudzo chaiyo inoenderana zvakanyanya nenzvimbo yekuiswa, rudzi rwemichina iri kuiswa, uye huwandu hwe kukura zvinodiwa. Pazasi pane zviitiko zvakajairika zvine zvinokurudzirwa gadziriso yeraki.

  
  
  A. Kabati Kadiki keHofisi / Telecom
  
  

  Mumahofisi ebazi kana makamuri efoni uko nzvimbo iri shoma, 6U–12U machira ekuisa pamadziro kana 22U–27U machira epasi akamira pasi kazhinji zvakakwana. Izvi zvidiki zvivharo zverack imba yekatoni switch yenetiweki, mapaneru echigamba, uye kadiki Sisitimu yeUPS ukuwo uchichengetedza nzvimbo inokosha yepasi. Kudzika kwakadzika (24–27 inches) kwakanakira pano, sezvo kuchikwanisa midziyo yakareruka pasina kuda kubviswa zvakanyanya.

  
  
  B. Nzvimbo yeData Rakajairika
  
  

  Kune nharaunda dzemabhizinesi, Raki ye42U yava ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa muindasitiri. Nehurefu hunoshandiswa hwemamita angangoita matanhatu, Kabhineti yeseva ye42U inopa nzvimbo yakakwana ye maseva eraki, MaPDU, zvishongedzo zvekutarisira tambo, uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvakaita se Maswichi eKVMKudzika kwe 42–48 mu inokurudzirwa kuti ikwane maseva emazuva ano ebhizinesi, chassis yemablade, uye ma arrays ekuchengetera. Upamhi hwe rack hwe 19-inch, sezvakatsanangurwa ne Mitemo yeEIA-310, inoita kuti zvienderane nevanhu vose.

  
  
  
  C. Kushandiswa Kwakawanda/Kuwanda kweGPU
  
  

  Masangano ari kushanda Maseva eGPU, Mitoro yeAI, kana nzvimbo dzakakura dzekuchengetera zvinhu anofanira kufunga nezve 48U–52U racks ine kudzika kwakareba. Aya mareki makuru anopa zvimwe zvakawanda kucheneswa kwemhepo, zviri nani chikamu chekugovera simba (PDU) nzvimbo, uye nzvimbo yevanotungamira kutonhora kwemvura kana mhinduro dzekutonhodza dzakarongwa. Kuronga zve tambo dzakakura uye masisitimu eUPS asina kushandiswa zvakakosha mumamiriro ezvinhu aya.

  
  Nekugadzira zvinhu sarudzo yeraki pakushandiswa kwega kwega—kungave rack diki yekuisa pamadziro muhofisi, a Raki ye42U yakajairika, kana kuti mhinduro ye48U yakakura—Vatariri veIT vanogona kuenzana mutengo, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kukuraKuenzanisa zviyero zveraki nezvinodiwa pakushanda kunoita kuti ive yakavimbika kwenguva refu uye yakagadziridzwa mashandiro enzvimbo yedata.

VII. Kuchengetedza Rack Yako Mune Remangwana

Kusarudza saizi yeraki yeseva Hazvisi zvekungogadzira midziyo yemazuva ano chete—zvinoreva kutarisira zvinodiwa mangwana. zvivakwa zveraki zvisingazomboparadziki mune ramangwana inoita kuti masangano akwanise kukura pasina zvinhu zvinodhura kana kutama kunokanganisa makambani.

A. Kubvumira Kukura

Chikanganiso chinowanzoitika ndechekuisa saizi yeraki kuti ikwane zvishandiso zviripo chete. Nzira yakanakisisa ndeyekusiya zvishoma 20–30% zvikamu zveraki dzekuchengetedza (U) itsva maseva erack, maPDU, uye ma arrays ekuchengeteraSemuenzaniso, kana kuiswa kwako kuchida 30U yemidziyo, kusarudza Raki yeseva ye42U inopa nzvimbo yekuwedzera, yekuwedzera switch yenetiweki, kana kuti mayuniti emagetsi ekutsigira.

B. Magadzirirwo eModular uye Anogadziriswa

Yemazuva ano makabati eraki zvinowanzosanganisira njanji dzekuisa dzinogadziriswa uye maficha e modular anotsigira akasiyana-siyana kudzika kwerack (24–48 in). Kuchinjika uku kunovimbisa kuti maseva akadzika, Manodhi eGPU, kana kuti zvishandiso zvekuchengetera zvechizvarwa chinotevera zvinogona kuiswa pasina kutsiva nzvimbo yese yakavharirwa. Maoko ekutarisira tambo, njanji dzisina zvishandiso, uye modular Kuiswa kwePDU wedzera kurerutsa kuvandudzwa.

C. Kukwanisa Kukura uye Maitiro

Kudzivirira ramangwana zvinorevawo kuwirirana nekushanduka-shanduka kwezvinhu mitemo yeraki. Chinyakare Raki ine masendimita gumi nemapfumbamwe ichiri kutonga, asi magadzirirwo ari kubuda akadai se Open Compute Project (OCP) Open Rack (21-inch/547 mm) vari kuwana simba munzvimbo dzakakura. Kusarudza ma racks ane kutevedzera mitemo (EIA-310, IEC 60297) inovimbisa kubatana kwenguva refu nevagadziri vemidziyo yepasi rose.

D. Kufunga Nezvekutonhodza uye Simba

Sezvo huwandu hwevanhu huchiwedzera, mafuta anorema anowandawo. manejimendi yekufambisa kwemhepo, mapaneru asina chinhu, uye zvichida kubatanidzwa kwekutonhodza kwemvura inogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwekushandisa kweraki. Saizvozvowo, kugadzira nzvimbo yekushandisa rack zvakare. Masisitimu eUPS uye maPDU ane simba rakawanda anoita kuti simba riwedzere kukura.

Nekubatanidza kukura, modularity, uye kutevedzera mitemo ye rack, Vatariri veIT vanogona kuvaka ma raki eseva akagadzirira ramangwana dzinochinjika zvichienderana nemabasa anochinja, dzinochengetedza mari inodyarwa, uye dzinotsigira mashandiro anoshanda kwenguva refu kukura kwenzvimbo yedata.

VIII. Mhedziso

Kusarudza kurudyi saizi yeraki yeseva ndeimwe yesarudzo dzakakosha pakuvaka chivakwa chakavimbika uye chinoshanda zvivakwa zvenzvimbo yedataNekunyatsoongorora kukwirira kweraki (U), upamhi hwerack (19-inch standard yeindasitiri)uye kudzika kweraki (24–48 inches), masangano anogona kuve nechokwadi chekubatanidzwa kwakakwana kwe maseva erack, switch dzenetwork, ma storage arrays, uye maPDUKupfuura zviyero zviri nyore, zvinhu zvakaita se zvinodiwa zvemagetsi nekutonhodza, kuchengetedzeka kwemuviri, mukana wekugadzirisauye kugona kukura mune ramangwana zvese zvine simba pakubudirira kwenguva refu kwekushandiswa kwechirongwa ichi.

Kune mabhizinesi mazhinji, Kabhineti yeseva ye42U inopa mwero wakanakisisa wenzvimbo, manejimendi yemhepo, uye kugona kukura. machira ekuisa pamadziro dzakakodzera zviri nani dzimba dzekuchengetera ma communication closet nema office ebazi, nepo dzakakura 48U–52U racks inopa mabasa akawanda ane huwandu hwakawanda hweGPU. Pasinei nehukuru, kuenzanisa sarudzo yeraki ne Mitemo yeEIA-310 inoita kuti ienderane nevanhu vose uye inoderedza njodzi kana ichiwedzera hardware itsva.

Chinhu chikuru chaunofanira kufunga nezvacho chiri nyore: tenga zvinhu zvinogutsa zvinodiwa nhasi asiwo zvinopa 20–30% kugona kwekuwedzera neramangwana. Nekuisa zvinhu zvakakosha pakutanga kutevedzera mitemo, dhizaini yemodularuye mhepo inoshanda zvakanaka, Matimu eIT anogona kugadzira nzvimbo yakagadzirira ramangwana iyo inovandudza mashandiro, inoderedza nguva yekuzorora, uye inotsigira zviri kuitika kukura kwenzvimbo yedata.

Zvinokurudzirwa Kuverenga: