Chii chinonzi WiFi Kadhi uye Makadhi eWiFi Anoitei?

II. Chii Chinonzi Wi-Fi Card?

A Wi-Fi kadhi, dzimwe nguva dzinonzi a wireless card, wireless network interface controller (WNIC), kana Wi-Fi adapta, ihardware module inobvumira komputa kana indasitiri mudziyo kuita batanidza kune network isina waya. Kusiyana nechinyakare Ethernet, inoda tambo yemuviri, kadhi reWi-Fi rinotaurirana pamusoro radio frequency (RF) kuburikidza ne yakabatanidzwa transceiver uye antenna.

Pakati payo, kadhi yeWi-Fi inoita mabasa maviri akakosha:

• Kutumira data redhijitari semasaini eredhiyo kune a router kana access point

• Kutambira masaini eredhiyo uye kuvashandura kuti vadzokere mumapaketi e data anogona kushandiswa

Mazuva ano Wi-Fi makadhi anotsigira IEEE 802.11 zviyero (802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ax), inozivikanwa zvikuru se Wi-Fi 4, Wi-Fi 5, Wi-Fi 6, uye Wi-Fi 6E, pamwe Wi-Fi 7 iri kubuda seyazvino shanduko. Miyero iyi inotsanangura frequency bands, upamhi hwechiteshi,uye data throughput, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderana pane zvese zvishandiso.

Mhando dzemakadhi eWi-Fi anosanganisira:

• PCIe Wi-Fi makadhi - yakaiswa mumakomputa edesktop kune akanyanya-kuita kubatanidza

• USB Wi-Fi adapters - inotakurika, plug-uye-kutamba mhinduro dzemalaptop kana masisitimu akaiswa

• M.2 Wi-Fi modules - compact makadhi anoshandiswa mumalaptops emazuva ano uye maindasitiri maPC

Nokushanda pa OSI zvikamu 1 uye 2 (yemuviri uye data link), makadhi eWi-Fi anoumba bhiriji rakakosha pakati pehardware neiyo wireless local area network (WLAN), ichigonesa seamless yekubatanidza kune ese ari maviri midziyo yevatengi uye maindasitiri application.

III. Kadhi reWi-Fi Rinoshanda sei?

A Wi-Fi kadhi inoshanda se bhiriji pakati pekombuta uye isina waya network, inogonesa kuchinjika data pasina tambo. Inoshanda nekushandisa an RF transceiver uye antenna system kutendeutsa digital zviratidzo kubva pakombuta kuenda masaisai eredhiyo, izvo zvinozoendeswa kune a wireless router kana access point. Sezvineiwo, masaini anouya asina waya anoshandurwa kudzoserwa kuita data mapaketi ayo anoshanda sisitimu anogona kugadzirisa.

Wi-Fi makadhi anoshanda kumativi akasiyana nzira dzekushanda:

• Infrastructure Mode - iyo yakajairika, uko kadhi yeWi-Fi inobatanidza kune router kana nzvimbo yekuwana yekuwana internet.

• Nenzira iyi - Peer-to-peer kubatana pakati pemidziyo isina yepakati router, inobatsira mukati maindasitiri IoT nharaunda.

Vanowiriranawo nekuchinja IEEE 802.11 zviyero:

Nekushanda zvakanyanya pa OSI Layer 1 (Pamuviri) uye Layer 2 (Data Link), iyo Wi-Fi kadhi inobata chiratidzo chekufambisa, encryption,uye media access control, kuve nechokwadi chekubatana kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka kune ese ari maviri midziyo yevatengi uye makombiyuta emaindasitiri.

IV. Mhando uye Mafomu Zvinhu

Wi-Fi makadhi anowanikwa akawanda gadzira zvinhu kuzadzisa zvinodikanwa zve desktops, malaptop, maPC akaiswa mukati, uye makomputa emaindasitiri. Mhando imwe neimwe inosiyana mukati kuita, saizi, uye nzira yekuisa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kusarudza sarudzo yakakodzera yezvikumbiro zvakananga.

1. PCIe Wi-Fi Makadhi

• Yakaiswa zvakananga pane desktop motherboard kushandisa a PCI Express slot

• Offer high throughput, kutsigira antenna akawanda, uye advanced features like MU-MIMO uye beamforming

• Ideal for maPC emitambo, workstations,uye makombiyuta emaindasitiri inoda yakasimba, yakagadzikana isina waya yekubatanidza

2. USB Wi-Fi Adapter

• Plug-and-play zvishandiso zvinobatanidza kuburikidza ne USB port

• Inotakurika uye iri nyore kuisa, ichiita kuti ive yakakurumbira kune laptops uye embedded systems

• Kazhinji inoshandiswa kana kukwidziridzwa kwemukati kusingagoneke, kunyangwe ivo vachigona kupa yakaderera antenna kuwana zvichienzaniswa nePCIe makadhi

3. M.2 (NGFF) Wi-Fi Modules

• Compact cards akagadzirirwa malaptop emazuva ano uye maindasitiri embedded systems

• Yakaiswa mukati M.2 Key A/E slots uye kazhinji akabatanidzwa Bluetooth kushanda

• Preferred for midziyo inomanikidza nzvimbo mu IoT uye edge komputa

4. Legacy Form Factors

• Mini PCIe, PC Card,uye ExpressCard adapters aimbove akajairika mumalaptops ekare uye zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri

• Iye zvino zvakanyanya kutsiviwa ne M.2 modules uye yakabatanidzwa isina waya NICs

V. Kuiswa uye Kuenderana

Kuisa a Wi-Fi kadhi kazhinji yakatwasuka asi inoda kutariswa fomu chinhu, kuwanikwa kweslot, uye kutsigira system yekushandisa. For desktop PC uye makombiyuta emaindasitiri, sarudzo yakajairika ndeye PCIe Wi-Fi kadhi. Iyo nzira inosanganisira:

1. 
   Powering down iyo system uye kuvhura chassis

2. Kuisa kadhi mu a PCI Express slot

3. Kubatanidza zvekunze antennas kuitira kugamuchirwa kwakanaka

4. Kuisa zvinodiwa vatyairi kubva kumugadziri kana OS update

For laptops uye akaiswa maPC, kuiswa kunoenderana nekuti mudziyo une M.2 (NGFF 2230) slot kana a Mini PCIe slot. Muma ultrabook emazuva ano, iyo Wi-Fi kadhi inogona kunge iri soldered kubhodhi reamai, kudzikamisa sarudzo dzekusimudzira. Muzviitiko izvi, a USB Wi-Fi adapta inopa plug-uye-kutamba imwe nzira.

Kugarisana Zvinhu

• Chipset rutsigiro: Mamwe maIntel CNVi modules anoshanda chete nemapuratifomu chaiwo

• Operating system drivers: Windows, Linux, uye maindasitiri RTOS rutsigiro runosiyana

• Fomu factor match: Ita chokwadi Key A/E M.2 slot kana PCIe lane kuwanikwa

• Frequency bhendi rutsigiro: Simbisa kuenderana ne 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, uye 6 GHz networks

Kuiswa kwakakodzera uye kuenderana macheki anovimbisa yakagadzikana isina waya kuita uye kuvimbika kwenguva refu mune zvose zviri zviviri mutengi uye maindasitiri application.